matory changes induced by topical an-
tiglaucoma drugs: human and animal
studies. Ophthalmology 1999; 106 (3):
556-563.
37
Hamard P, Debbasch C, Blondin C,
Brignole F, Loison-Dayma K, Warnet JM,
Baudouin C. Apoptose et cellules trabé-
culaires humaines: évaluation in vitro
de l'effet du bétaxolol avec ou sans
conservateur. J Fr Ophtalmol 2002; 25
(8): 777-784.
38
Hendrix DV, Ward DA, Barnhill MA. Ef-
fects of anti-inflammatory drugs and pre-
servatives on morphologic characteristics
and migration of canine corneal epithelial
cells in tissue culture. Vet Ophthalmol
2002; 5 (2): 127-135.
39
Salonen EM, Tervo T, Beuerman R. Toxi-
city of ingredients in artificial tears and
ophthalmic drugs in a cell attachment
and spreading test. J Toxicol Cut Ocular
Toxicol 1991; 10 (1 & 2): 157-166.
40
Meloni M, Pauly A, De Servi B, Le
Varlet B, Baudouin C. Occludin gene ex-
pression as an early in vitro sign for mild
eye irritation assessment. Toxicol In Vitro
2010; 24 (1): 276-85.
41
Noecker RJ, Herrygers LA, Anwarud-
din R. Corneal and conjunctival changes
caused by commonly used glaucoma me-
dications. Cornea 2004; 23 (5): 490-496.
42
Leung EW, Medeiros FA, Weinreb RN.
Prevalence of ocular surface disease in
glaucoma patients. J Glaucoma 2008; 17
(5): 350-355.
43
Champeau EJ, Edelhauser HF. Treat-
ment of dry eye states. Effect of ophthal-
mic preservatives on the ocular surface:
Conjunctival and corneal uptake and dis-
tribution of benzalkonium chloride and
chlorhexidine digluconate. In: Holly FJ, ed.
The preocular tear film in health, disease,
and contact lens wear. Lubbock, USA. Dry
Eye Institute. 1986; 27: 292-302.
44
Green K, Chapman J, Cheeks L, Clay-
ton RM. Surfactant penetration into the
eye. Concepts Toxicol 1987; 4 126-132.
45
Lavin MJ, Wormald RP, Migdal CS, Hit-
chings RA. The influence of prior therapy
on the success of trabeculectomy. Arch
Ophthalmol 1990; 108 (11): 1543-1548.
46
Samples JR, Binder PS, Nayak S. The
effect of epinephrine and benzalkonium
chloride on cultured corneal endothelial
and trabecular meshwork cells. Exp Eye
Res 1989; 49 (1): 1-12.
47
Miyake K, Ibaraki N, Goto Y, Oogiya S,
Ishigaki J, Ota I, Miyake S. ESCRS Bin-
khorst lecture 2002: Pseudophakic pre-
servative maculopathy. J Cataract Refract
Surg 2003; 29 (9): 1800-1810.
48
Chou A, Hori S, Takase M. Ocular toxi-
city of beta-blockers and benzalkonium
chloride in pigmented rabbits: electrophy-
siological and morphological studies. Jpn
J Ophthalmol 1985; 29 (1): 13-23.
49
Beden C, Helleboid L, Marmouz F,
Liard F. Etude comparative de la survenue
d'effets indésirables suite à l'administra-
tion de collyres anti-allergiques sans ou
avec conservateur. Therapie 2004; 59 (2):
259-264.
50
Pisella PJ, Pouliquen P, Baudouin C.
Prevalence of ocular symptoms and si-
gns with preserved and preservative free
glaucoma medication. Br J Ophthalmol
2002; 86 (4): 418-423.
51
Levrat F, Pisella PJ, Baudouin C. To-
lérance oculaire des collyres antiglau-
comateux. Réflexions Ophtalmol 2000; 5
(33): 27-34.
52
Levrat F, Pisella PJ, Baudouin C. Clini-
cal tolerance of antiglaucoma eye-drops
with and without a preservative. Results
of an unpublished survey in Europe. J Fr
Ophtalmol 1999 ;22 :186-91
53
Miljanovic B, Dana R, Sullivan DA,
Schaumberg DA. Impact of dry eye syn-
drome on vision-related quality of life. Am
J Ophthalmol 2007; 143 (3): 409-415.
54
Nordmann JP, Auzanneau N, Ricard
S, Berdeaux G. Vision related quality of
life and topical glaucoma treatment side
effects. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2003;
1: 75.
55
Barber BL, Strahlman ER, Laibovitz
R, Guess HA, Reines SA. Validation of a
questionnaire for comparing the tolerabi-
lity of ophthalmic medications. Ophthal-
mology 1997; 104 (2): 334-342.
56
Patel SC, Spaeth GL. Compliance in
patients prescribed eyedrops for glau-
coma. Ophthalmic Surg 1995; 26 (3):
233-236.
57
Lee MD, Fechtner FR, Fiscella RG, Sin-
gh K, Stewart WC. Emerging perspectives
on glaucoma: highlights of a roundtable
discussion. Am J Ophthalmol 2000; 130
(4 Suppl.): S1-S11.
58
Bloch S, Rosenthal AR, Friedman L,
Caldarolla P. Patient compliance in glau-
coma. Br J Ophthalmol 1977; 61 (8): 531-
534.
59
Odberg T, Jakobsen JE, Hultgren SJ,
Halseide R. The impact of glaucoma on
the quality of life of patients in Norway. I.
Results from a self-administered ques-
tionnaire. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2001;
79 (2): 116-120.
60
Jaenen N, Baudouin C, Pouliquen P,
Manni G, Figueiredo A, Zeyen T. Ocular
symptoms and signs with preserved and
preservative-free glaucoma medications.
Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17 (3): 341-349.
61
Nguyen TP, Nishimoto JH, Nakamura
CY, De Land PN. Comparison of carboxy-
methylcellulose vs. hydroxypropyl methyl-
cellulose as a gonioscopic fluid. Optom
Vis Sci 1996; 73 (7): 466-472.
62
Avisar R, Creter D, Levinsky H, Savir H.
Comparative study of tear substitutes and
their immediate effect on the precorneal
tear film. Isr J Med Sci 1997; 33 (3): 194-
197.
63
Ramselaar JA, Boot JP, van Haeringen
NJ, van Best JA, Oosterhuis JA. Corneal
epithelial permeability after instillation
of ophthalmic solutions containing local
anaesthetics and preservatives. Curr Eye
Res 1988; 7 (9): 947-950.
64
Baudouin C, De Lunardo C, Dupin O.
Etude comparative du cartéolol 2% avec
et sans chlorure de benzalkonium chez le
volontaire sain. Ophtalmologie 1997; 11
314-318.
65
Baudouin C, De Lunardo C. Short-term
comparative study of topical 2% carteolol
with and without benzalkonium chloride
in healthy volunteers. Br J Ophthalmol
1998; 82 (1): 39-42.
66
Ishibashi T, Yokoi N, Kinoshita S. Com-
parison of the short-term effects on the
human corneal surface of topical timolol
maleate with and without benzalkonium
chloride. J Glaucoma 2003; 12 (6): 486-
490.
67
Laboratoires Théa. Essai clinique de
phase I comparant la tolérance oculaire
clinique pendant 28 jours chez 30 volon-
taires sains d¹un collyre de Vitamine B12
sans conservateur conditionné en flacon
Abak à un collyre de Vitamine B12 avec
conservateur (1 instillation 4 fois par jour
de cyanocobalamine à 0,05 %). Rapport
d¹étude clinique 2000. 75 p.
68
Chiambaretta F, Creuzot-Garcher C,
Pilon F, Pouliquen P, Rebika H, Dubray C,
Rigal D. Intérêt d'une nouvelle formula-
tion de diclofénac sans conservateur pour
la surface oculaire. J Fr Ophtalmol 2004;
27 (7): 739-744.
69
Troiano P, Cavallotti B, Oldani A, Iraci
M, Galli L, Miglior M. The preservation of
the ocular surface during chronic admi-
nistration of hypotensive eye drops. Orbit
1997; 16 (Suppl.): 87-90.
70
Gobbels M, Spitznas M. Corneal epi-
thelial permeability of dry eyes before
and after treatment with artificial tears.
Ophthalmology 1992; 99 (6): 873-878.
71
Grene RB, Lankston P, Mordaunt J,
Harrold M, Gwon A, Jones R. Unpreser-
ved carboxymethylcellulose artificial
tears evaluated in patients with kerato-
conjunctivitis sicca. Cornea 1992; 11 (4):
294-301.
72
Smith GT, Lee S, Taylor HR. Open eva-
luation of a new non-preserved artificial
tear. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1993; 21 (2):
105-109.