225
AMD Future Perspectives: New promising drugs
highly potent, lipophilic therapeutics intraocularly. The
small size of these implants precludes long-term (>30
days) delivery of large, water-soluble compounds, but
they have been used to deliver corticosteroids. In addi-
tion, these implantable devices generally cannot be used
to deliver proteins, antibodies and other high-molec-
ular-mass biotherapeutics. Administration of com-
pounds to the eye by approaches that do not involve
injection through the sclera also remain attractive alter-
natives to intravitreous injection. High-molecular-mass
compounds such as immunoglobulins, and oligonucle-
otides as large as 24 nucleotides have been found to be
capable of diffusing through the sclera when deposited
on or within the sclera.”
(84)
Nanotecnology and Iontophoresis represent promising
drug delivery systems.
“Iontophoresis is a technique that consists of the admin-
istration of drugs to the body through tissues using an
electric field involving a small potential difference. The
active electrode, which is in contact with the drug, is
placed at the site to be treated, and a second electrode,
with the purpose to close the electric circuit, is placed at
another site of the body. The electric field facilitates the
transport of the drug that should be mainly ionized.”
(85)
17.4Wet AMD pipeline: most promising candidates
adPEDF.11: Gene therapy, intravitreal injection, phase
I
AGN211745: siRNA, intravitreal injection, phase II
Zybrestat: vascular disrupting agent, topical, animal
studies
Sirolimus: Multi-mechanism, Subconjunctival or
intravitreal injection or oral, phase II
ATG003: nAChR antagonist, topical , phase II
Avastin® and Lucentis®: anti-VEGF, intravitreal injec-
tion, available
Macugen®: anti-VEGF, intravitreal injection, available
VEGF Trap: VEGF receptor decoy, intravitreal injec-
tion, phase III
Vatalanib: Tyrosine kinase inhibitor, oral, phase II
Pazopanib: Tyrosine kinase inhibitor, , topical , phase II
TG101095 / TG100801: Tyrosine kinase inhibitor,
topical, phase II
AL-39324: Tyrosine kinase inhibitor, intravitreal injec-
tion, animal studies
AG013958: Tyrosine kinase inhibitor, subtenon injec-
tion, animal studies
JSM6427: integrin antagonist, intravitreal injection,
phase I
PF-04523655 (REDD14NP) Wet AMD; phase I
(Quark/Pfizer)
17.5 Dry AMD pipeline: most promising candidates
Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor: Neuroprotective implant,
phase II
Fenretinide: Decreases serum retinol, oral, phase II
OT-551: Anti-oxidant, anti inflammatory, topical,
phase II
POT-4: Complement C3 inhibitor, phase II
Glatiramer Acetate: Immunomodulator, subcutaneous,
phase II
RPE transplantation: animal studies and phase I
Rheopheresis: Plasmapheresis, phase III
Gene transfer: Intravitreous and subtenon, phase I
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